Chuyên đề: passive voice - thể bị động (phần 1)

PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT

I. Công thức chung : BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (PP = V-ed/V3)

II. Công thức của từng thì:

TENSES	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
1. The simple present	S + V(s/es)	S+ am/is/are+PP
2. The pre. Continuous	S + am/ is/ are + V-ing	S+am/is/are/+being+PP
3. The present perfect	S + have/ has + PP	S+ have/has+ been+PP
4. The simple past	S + V2/ V-ed	S+ was/were+PP
5. The past continuous	S + was/ were + V- ing	S+ was/were+being+PP
6. The past perfect	S + had + PP	S+ had+been+PP
7. The simple future	S + will/ shall + V-bare	S+ will/shall+be+PP
8. The near future	S+am/ is/are going to+ V-bare	S+am/is/are going to+be+PP
9. The Modal verbs	S + can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, have to, ought to +V-bare	S + can/could/may…..+ be + PP

III. Quy tắc chuyên sang câu bị động:

1. Xác định S, V, O ở câu chủ động.

2. Lấy tân ngữ (O) của câu chủ động về làm chủ ngữ (S) của câu bị động.

3. Xem động từ chính của câu chủ động chia ở thì nào thì chia động từ to be ở câu bị động thì đó và biến đổi động từ chính của câu chủ động về dạng quá khứ phân từ (past participle) ở câu bị động

4. Lấy chủ ngữ (S) của câu chủ động về làm bổ túc từ (O) của câu bị động và viết giới từ by ở đằng trước bổ tức từ đó.

IV. Cấu trúc : 

V. Examples: 

1. My mother  has made   that cake.

---- That cake has been made by my mother

2. Nam   is asking    me   a lot of questions.

---- I am being asked a lot of questions by Nam.

VI. Các trường hợp cần lưu ý:

1. S của câu chủ động là những đại từ nhân xưng ( he, she, you, they, we..) và các từ như: someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody,..... thì lượt bỏ by O trong câu bị động nếu không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân.

Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers.

---- I have been sent the flowers.

      She must do all homework before going to bed.

---- All homework must be done before going to bed.

2. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước “by + O bị động”.

Ex: The police found him in the foresst.

----He was found in the forest by the police.

3.  Trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau “by + O bị động”.

Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week.

---- The house was bought by Mr Brown last week.

4. Trạng từ chỉ thể cách đứng giữa “BE + PP”.

Ex: The boss has treated them badly.

---- They have been badly treated by the boss.

5. Đối với một số động từ có 2 tân ngữ thì 1 trong 2 tân ngữ có thể làm chử ngữ của câu bị động; tuy nhiên tân ngữ chỉ người thường được dùng nhiều hơn.

Ex: He sent me a postcard.

---- I was sent a postcard.

---- A postcard was sent to me.

PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP

I. Change the following sentences into the passive voice

1. They built this church in 1973.      

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………                  

2. Do they teach English in your school?.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Nobody believes his story..  

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………                      

4. Someone is following her.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. They asked me many difficult questions.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………                 

6. They are repairing my piano.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. They are building a house, aren’t they ?.    

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………        

8. Students are doing a lot of homework.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Can Mary tear the letter ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

10. Do you understand this lesson?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. She looked after our children when we were out.      

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………                 

12. Nobody has used this room for ages.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. The boy hit the dog in the garden yesterday.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Who wrote this book?         

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………                       

15. Who has cleaned this room?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. The fire has caused considerable damage.     

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. The committee is considering several new proposals.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. No one may open this letter, may they ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. They bought her a present on her birthday.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Someone has told him to report for duty at 6.00pm   

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………    

21. The author has written a special edition for children.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. They make these artificial flowers.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23. Does John return the book he borrowed yesterday ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. They are pulling down the old theatre.          

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………     

25. we use this room onlyon special occasions.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Have they told you anything about it?   

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………          

27. What language do they speak in Japan?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

28. Someone has taken her bag by mistake. 

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………           

29. They haven’t done anything about it.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

30. It is time some one told him what is wrong.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

31. Ann gave the boy a ticket and led him to the theatre.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

32. Someone broke into his house and stole a lot of things.   

    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

33. They didn’t look after the children properly.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

34. Someone switched on the light and opened the door.  

   …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

35. Why did no one inform me of the change of plan?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

36. Maria was writing poems at that time.      

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………                       

37. We will not admit children under 16.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

38. They will say nothing more about the matter if someone returns the stolen gun.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

39. You shouldn’t leave the documents on the desk.You should lock them up.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

40. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

41. Nobody swept this street last week.                  

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………        

42. They are going to open a new school here , aren’t they?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

43. You should have take these books back to the library.  

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

44. Your brother is washing the clothes, isn’t he ?.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

45. Have you met him before ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

46. The police shouldn’t allow people to park there.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

47. People mustn’t leave bicycles in the hall.   

  ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………             

48. Who is going to meet Ann at the airport ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

49. You have to do this work now.        

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………                           

50. Sarah was writing a letter when I came .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

II. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentenses.

1.   We can’t go along here because the road_______.

A. is repairingB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. repairs

2.   The story I’ve just read_______ Agatha Christie.

A. was writtenB. was written byC. was written fromD. wrote by

3.   I’m going to go out and_______.

A. have cut my hairB. have my hair cutC. cut my hairD. my hair be cut

4.   Something funny_______ in class yesterday.

A. happenedB. was happenedC. happensD. is happened

5.   Many US automobiles_______ in Detroit, Michigan

A. manufactureB. have manufacturedC. are manufacturedD. are manufacturing

6.   We_______ by a loud noise during the night.

A. woke upB. are woken upC. were woken upD. were waking up

7.   Some film stars_______ difficult to work with.

A. are said beB. are said to beC. say to beD. said to be

8.   Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy_______ at.

A. be laughedB. to be laughedC. laughingD. being laughed

9.   Today, many serious childhood diseases_______ by early immunization.[ sự miễn dịch]

A. are preventingB. can preventC. preventD. can be prevented

10. Do you get your heating_______ every year?

A. checkingB. checkC. be checkedD. checked

11. Bicycles_______ in the driveway.

A. must not leaveB. must not be leavingC. must not be leftD. must not have left

12. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony_______ next weekend.[ Symphony: khúc giao hưởng]

A. is going to be performedB. has been performedC. will be performing              D. will have perform

13. All bottles_______ before transportation.

A. frozenB. were frozeC. were frozenD. are froze

14. ______________  yet?

A. Have the letters been typedB. Have been the letters typed

C. Have the letters typedD. Had the letters typed

15. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where_______ for administration, broadcasting and education.

A. is usedB. it is usedC. usedD. being used

16. The telephones_______ by Alexander Graham Bell.

A. is inventedB. is inventingC. inventedD. was invented

17. Lots of houses_______ by the earthquake.

A. are destroyingB. destroyedC. were destroyedD. is destroyed

18. Gold_______ in California in the 19th century.

A. was discoveredB. has been discoveredC. was discoverD. they discover

19. The preparation_______ by the time the guest_______.

A. had been finished- arrivedB. have finished- arrived

C. had finished-were arrivingD. have been finished- were arrived

20. The boy_______ by the teacher yesterday.

A. punishB. punishedC. punishingD. was punished

21. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______, sir. They’re on your desk.”

A. typedB. been being typedC. being typedD. been typed

22. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It_______ of cotton.

A. be madeB. are madeC. is madeD. made

23. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.

A. doneB. to doC. didD. do

24. We got our mail _______ yesterday. [have/get sth done]

A. been deliveredB. deliveredC. deliveringD. to deliver

25. James_______ the news as soon as possible.

A. should tellB. should be toldC. should toldD. should be telled

26. My wedding ring _______ yellow and white gold.

A. is madeB. is makingC. madeD. make

27. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.

A. knownB. knewC. is knownD. know

28. References _______ in the examination room.

A. not are usedB. is not usedC. didn’t usedD. are not used

29. Laura _______ in Boston.

A. are bornB. were bornC. was bornD. born

30. His car needs ________. [sth needs doing= sth needs to be done]

A. be fixedB. fixingC. to be fixingD. fixed

31. Her watch needs _______.

A. repairingB. to be repairedC. repairedD. A and B

32. My mother is going _____ this house.

A. soldB. sellC. to be soldD. to sell

33. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______.

A. being followedB. are followedC. followD. following

34. Have you _______ by a dog?

A. biteB. bitC. ever been bittenD. ever been bit

35. The room is being _______ at the moment.

A. was cleanedB. cleanedC. cleaningD. clean

36. It _______ that the strike will end soon.

A. is expectedB. expectedC. are expectedD. was expected

37. It is _______ that many people are homeless after the floods.

A. was reportedB. reportsC. reportedD. reporting

38. He was said _______ this building.

A. designingB. to have designedC. to designD. designed

39. Ted _______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

A. got stingB. got stungC. get stungD. gets stung

40. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play.

A. got usedB. usedC. get usedD. get use

41. I’ll get Minh _______ this for you.

A. doB. doneC. didD. to do

42. Those letters _______ now. You can do the typing later.

A. need typingB. needn't be typedC. need to typeD. needn't typing

43. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_______ especially for me by a French tailor.”

A. is madeB. has madeC. made D. was made

44. Somebody cleans the room every day.

A. The room everyday is cleaned.B. The room is every day cleaned.

C. The room is cleaned every day.D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.

45. People don’t use this road very often.

A. This road is not used very often.B. Not very often this road is not used.

C. This road very often is not used.D. This road not very often is used.

46. How do people learn languages?

A. How are languages learned?B. How are languages learned by people?

C. How languages are learned?D. Languages are learned how?

47. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______.

A. were built/were builtB. are built/were builtC. are building/were builtD. were built/were built

48. Tom bought that book yesterday.

A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday.B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.

C. That book yesterday was bought by TomD. That book was bought yesterday.

49. The new computer system _______ next month.

A. is be installedB. is being installed by peopleC. is been installed              D. is being installed

50. Traffic rules____________ strictly.

A. followed B. must followed      C. must be followed         D. must follow