Câu điều kiện

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES :

1.Type 1 ( Real condition at the present)

If + S + V1/Vs,es ……,          S + Will/ Shall + V-inf.

Ex: If I have enough money, I will buy a new bicycle

2. Type 2 (Unreal condition at the present)

If + S + V2/V-ed +…….,          S + would/ could/ should/ might + V-inf.

Ex: If we worked hard, we would get high salary.

3.Type 3 (Unreal condition at the past)

If + S + had + V3/V-ed ,     S + would/could/might/should + have + V3/ V- ed

Ex: If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exams.

NOTES ON CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1.“ When ”  có thể được dùng thay cho “ If ” đối với những điều được xem là chắc chắn xảy ra.

Ex: If I see Helen, I’ll tell her to phone you. ( Perhaps I’ll see Helen, perhap I won’t.)

       When I see Helen, I’ll tell her to phone you. ( I am sure I’ll see Helen.)

2. Các từ sau đây có thể dùng thay cho If để kết nối các mệnh đề và diển tả điều kiện.

And, Or (else)

Ex: Take these vitamin pills and you will be fine

       You will be fine if you take these vitamin pills

As long as, So long as

Ex: You can borrow my car as long as you drive it carefully.

       You can borrow my car if you drive it carefully.

Provided, Providing

Ex: I will go with you provided we come back early.

       I will go with you if we come back early.

3. Có thể đảo ngữ ở cả 3 loại câu điều kiện:

a. Câu điều kiện loại 1:

If clause = should + S + V

Ex: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home
==> Should it rain tonight, I will stay at home

b. Câu điều kiện loại 2:

If clause = Were S + to V/ Were + S

If I were you I would work harder

=> Were I you, I would work harder

If I knew her I would invite her to the party

=> Were I to know her, I would invite her to the party

c. Câu đk loại 3:

If clause = Had + S + V3/ Ved

If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam. 

=> Had my parents not encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam.

4. Câu điều kiện tổng quát: Loại điều kiện này để nói về điều luôn luôn đúng

Ex: If I feel thirsty, I drink some water.

       If you heat water, it boils.

I. Complete the sentences using If sentences

1. What would you do if you (be) _______________________ a millionaire?
2. We (buy)_________________________ that house if it weren’t be so expensive.
3. If you pass your examination, we (have) ______________ a big party.
4. If I (know) _____________________that you were ill, I would go to see you.
5. I would buy a new bicycle if I (have) ______________enough money.
6. If I (know) ______________ his address, I’d give it to you.
7. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) ______________________ so many mistakes.
8. If I had breakfast, I (not be) _______________________ hungry.
9. I could tell you what this means if I (know) ______________ Greek.
10. If she (study) ______________ hard, she will pass the examination.

I a bird, I (be) ______________________ a white pigeon.

11. If it rains, I (not, play) ______________ football.
12. I'm sure Tom will lend you more money. I would be surprised if he ________(refuse).
13. She (have) __________________ a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this.
14. It (be) _____________________ quicker if you used a computer.
15. Many people would be out of work if that factory__________________(close) down.
16. I will see ___________ him if I (go) ____________ to the party.
17. We will know who he is if we (invite) __________ him to speak at our meeting.
18. Don't open this box if there (not / be) ____________________permission
19. Please tell me her address if you (know) ______________________

II. Rewrite the sentences using If sentences

1. He doesn’t work hard, so he can't earn a lot of money.

=> If …………………………………………………………………..........................…

2. I am very tired because I stay up very late

=> If ………………………………………………………………...................…….

3. I am not careful, so I make many mistakes

=> If ………………………………………………………………....................……

4. You didn’t do as I told you; that’s why you didn’t succeed

=> If ……………………………………………………………...................……….

5. She is always happy because she gets his letter often 

=>If ……………………………………………………………......................…………

6. Because his family is very poor, he doesn’t have chance to go to school

=> If ……………………………………………………………….............................……….

7. They don't wear uniform, so the teacher punishes them

=> If..................................................................................................................................

8. She walks to school because her bike is broken

= > If ………………………………………………………………...................................……….

9. I don’t have dictionary, so I have trouble in new words

= > If ………………………………………………………………...................................……….

10. She has a cold now because she goes in the rain

=> If …………………………………………………………………..........................................…

11. They leave the door open so the thief break into their house.

=> If …………………………………………………………………..........................................…

12. He is tired because he works twelve hours a day.

=> .................................................................................................................................................

 

III. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

1. If you don’t feel well, you ..................  take a rest.

A. areB. willC. hadD. have

2. What would you have done if you .................. a lot of money?

A. hadB. had hadC. have hadD. have

3. I’ll be very disappointed if you .................. the exam.

A. don’t passB. won’t passC. aren’t passingD. wouldn’t pass

4. If he .................. harder, the results would be better.

A. has worked B. worksC. will workD. worked

5. I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep if I ........... to bed now.

A. goB. wentC. had goneD. would go

IV. Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting.

1. If the weather was fine, we would surely go out.

    A                       B                    C                    D

2. If I had enough money, I would have bought that car today.

           A                  B                      C                        D

3. He would be happy if he is here now.

    A        B                 C       D        

4. What would you have do if you were in my position?

A               B                C           D

5. If he had knew the time when the match started, I would have

   A            B                        C                                             D

told you.

V. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meanings.

1. Nam was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

A. If he had been ill, he would have gone to school.

B. If he hadn’t been ill, he wouldn’t have gone to school.

C. If he hadn’t been ill, he would have gone to school.

D. If he weren’t ill, he would go to school.

2. Because the weather was bad, we didn’t go camping.

A. If the weather wasn’t bad, we would go camping.

B. If the weather weren’t bad, we would go camping.

C. If the weather is good, we will go camping.

D. If the weather hadn’t been bad, we would have gone camping.

3. I don't have money, so I can't help you.

A. If I can help you, I will have money.

B. If I have money, I can help you.

C. If I had money, I could help you.

D. If I had had money, I could have helped you.

4. He was driving very fast because he didn’t know the road was icy.

A. If he had known that the road had been icy, he wouldn’t have been driving so fast.

B. If he had known that the road was icy, he wouldn’t be driving so fast.

C. If he knew that the road was icy, he wouldn’t have driven so fast.

D. If he had known that the road was icy, he wouldn’t have been driving so fast.

5. I can’t understand him because he speaks so quickly.

A. If he had spoken slowly, I could have understood him.

B. If he speaks slowly, I cannot understand him.

C. If he spoke so quickly, I could understand him.

D. If he spoke so slowly, I could understand him.